Basic information about engineering

Site Engineer must be known about these terms 

Concrete  Grade

M5 = 1:4:8

M10= 1:3:6

M15= 1:2:4

M20= 1:1.5:3

M25= 1:1:2

Concrete cover for all parts of structures

 Clear Cover to Main Reinforcement :

1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm

2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm

3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm

4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm

5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm

6.COLUMN : 40 mm

7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm

8.BEAMS : 25 mm

9.SLABS : 15 mm

10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm

11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm

12.RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth

13.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm

Weight of steel  

These formulas use for find the weight of steel in 1 meter 

D^2/162 or d^/533

 

Weight of Rod Per Meter Length : Dia weight Per Meter :

6mm = 0.222Kg

8mm = 0.395 Kg

10mm = 0.616 Kg

12mm = 0.888 Kg

16mm = 1.578 Kg

20mm = 2.466 Kg

25mm = 3.853 Kg

32mm = 6.313 Kg

40mm = 9.865 Kg

Conversion factor

 

Unit Conversions:

1feet-0.3048m

1m-3.28ft

1sq.m-10.76sq.ft

1cu.m-35.28cu.ft

1acre-43560sq.ft

1cent-435.6sq.ft

1hectare-2.47acre

1acre-100cent-4046.724sq.m

1ground-2400sq.ft

1unit-100cu.ft-2.83 cu.m 1 square-100sq.

Find the volume of steel

1M Length Steel Rod its Volume :

V=(Pi/4)*Dia x Dia X L=(3.14/4)x D x D X 1 (for1m length) Density of Steel=7850 kg/ cub meter

Weight =

Volume x Density=

(3.14/4)x D x D X1x7850 (if D is in mm ) So = ((3.14/4)x D x D X1x7850)/(1000x1000) = Dodd/162.27

Concrete mix designs 

 

Design Mix M10 :

M10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62)

Cement : 210 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush: 708 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush : 472 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 823 Kg/ M 3

Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3

Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M 3

Design Mix M20 :

M20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)

Cement : 320 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush : 683 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush : 455 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3

Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3

Admixture : 0.7%

Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3

 

Design Mix M25 :

M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)

Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush: 667 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush : 445 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3

Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3

Admixture : 0.6%

Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3

Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.5=164 Litres, Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml

 

 

Design Mix M30 :

M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)

Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush: 654 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush: 436 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3

Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3

Admixture : 0.7%

Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3

Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture(170.80+15.20)

 

Design Mix M35 :

M35 ( 1 : 1.79 : 2.57)

Cement : 410 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush: 632 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush 421 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 735 Kg/ M 3

Total water : 200 Kg/ M 3

Admixture : 0.7%

Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M 3

Note: sand = 735 + 2%,

Water = 200- 14.7 =185.30,

Admixture = 0.7%

 

Design Mix M40 :

M40 ( 1 : 1.67 : 2.39)

Cement : 430 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush: 618 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush : 412 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 718 Kg/ M 3

Water Cement ratio : 0.43

Admixture : 0.7%

Note: Sand = 718 + Bulk age 1%

 

Design Mix M45 :

M45 ( 1 : 1.58 : 2.26)

Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush : 626 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush: 417 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 727 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 1%

Water Cement ratio : 0.43

Admixture : 0.7%

 

Design Mix M50 :

M50 ( 1 : 1.44 : 2.23)

Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3

20 mm crush: 590 Kg/ M 3

12.5 mm crush: 483 Kg/ M 3

River sand : 689 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 12%

Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)

Admixture : 1.20%3

Micro silica : 30 Kg

Super flow 6.7% of cement

 Brick works

 

Bricks: 

1 cubic meter contains 500 bricksThe Standard size of the 1st class brick is 190mmx 90mm x90mm and motor joint should be 10mm thickSo brick with motor=200 x 100 x 100.Volume of

1st class brick = 0.19 x 0.09 X 0.09 =0.001539cu.m

Volume of 1st class brick with motor =0.2 x 0.1 x0.1=0.002cu.mNo. on bricks per 1cu.m= 1/volume of1st class brick with motor=1/0.002=500 no’s of bricks

 Standard conversion 

Standard Conversion Factors :

INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE

FOOT = 0.3048 METRE 

YARD = 0.9144 METRE

MILE = 1.6093 KILO-METER

ACRE = 0.4047HECTARE

POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM

DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS MILLIMETRE= 0.0394

INCHMETRE = 3.2808

FOOTMETRE = 1.0936YARD

A rope having length 100cm.You can form any shape using this rope (Example: Triangle,Rectangle, etc.,). Which shape will covers maximum area

1 Newton = o.101971 kg

1 mm2 = 0.01 cm2

1 cm2 = 100 mm2

1 mm2 = 20 N100 mm2 = 2000N

1 cm2 = 2000N2000 N = 203.942 kgSo 20 N/ mm2 = 203.942 kg / cm2

 

Ratio As per IS 1:1.5:3 :

then volume is 1+1.5+3=5.5 and

the total volume for using mix=1.57 m3

then cement required=

1/5.5*1.57=0.285m3*1440=411 kg. (8+bag)

sand requried=1.5/5.5*1.57=0.471m3 aggregate required=3/5.5*1.57=0.853m3

the standard volume of dry mix mortar=1.57.. U can check it in IS code also.

Then volume is1+1.5+3=5.5 and the total volume for using mix=1.57 m3 then cement required=1/5.5*1.57=0.285m3*1440=411 kg.(8+bag)sand required=1.5/5.5*1.57=0.471m3aggregate required=3/5.5*1.57=0.853m3the standard volume of dry mix mortar=1.57.. U can check it in IS code

Material calculation

 

Material Calculation : Cement in Bags :

BAGS01. PCC 1:5:10 1440/5*0.45 129.60Kg 2.5902.

PCC 1:4:8(M 7.5) 1440/4*0.45 162.00Kg 3.2403.

PCC 1:2:4(M 15) 1440/2*0.45 324.00Kg 6.4804.

PCC 1:3:6(M 10) 1440/3*0.45 216.00Kg 4.3205

RCC 1:2:4(M 15) 144/2*0.45 324.00Kg 6.4806.

RCC 1:1.5:3(M 20) 1440/1.5*0.45 32.00Kg8.6407.

RCC 1:1:2(M 25) 370.00Kg 7.4008.

RCC M 30 410.00Kg 8.2009.

RCC M35 445.00Kg 8.9010.

RCC M40 480.00Kg 9.6011.

Damp Proof CourseCM1:3,20mm tk 1440/3*0.022 10.56Kg 0.2112. 2"tk precast slab

M15 324*0.05 16.20Kg 0.3213. 3"tk precast slab

M15 324*0.075 24.30Kg0.4914.

GC Masonry CM 1:7 1440/7*0.34 70.00Kg1.4015.

Brick Work CM 1:6 1440/6*0.25 60.00Kg 1.2016.

Brick Work CM 1:4, 115tk 1440/4*0.25*0.11510.35Kg 0.2117.

Grano Flooring CC 1:1.5:3 1440/1.5*0.45*0.0521.60Kg 0.4318.

Plastering CM 1:3, 12mm tk 1440/3*0.0146.72Kg 0.1319.

Wall Plastering CM 1:4,12mm tk 1440/4*0.014 5.00Kg 0.1020.

Laying Pressed Tiles Over CM 1:4, 20mm tk 1440/4*0.022 7.92Kg 0.1621.

Ceramic Tiles, Marble,Granite, Caddapah SlabCM 1:4, 20mm tk 1440/4*0.022 7.92Kg 0.1622.

Hollow Block MasonryCM 1:6, 200mm tk/m¬2¬ 10.00Kg 0.20

 

Sand Calculation in CFt

01. Any Concrete Work(PCC, RCC) 0.45*35.315= 20.00

02. Damp Proof CourseCM `1:3, 20mm tk 1.00

03. 2"tk Precast slab M15 1.00

04. 3"tk Precast slab M15 1.50

05. SS Masonry in CM 1:7 15.00

06. Brick Work in CM 1:6 15.00

07. Brick Work in CM 1:4,115mm tk 2.00

08. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3 1.00

09. Plastering in CM 1:3, 12mm tk 1.00

10. Wall Plastering CM 1:4, 12mm tk 1.00

11. Laying Pressed Tiles over a CM 1:4, 20mm tk1.00

12. Ceramic Tiles, Marble, Granite, Cuddapah slab CM 1:4, 20mm tk 1.00

 

 

01. Any Concrete Work 32.00 cft

02. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3, 50mm tk 1.60cft

03. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3, 75mm tk 2.40cft

04. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3, 100mm tk 3.20cft

05. Bricks/cum 450.00 Nos

06. Size Stone/ cum 90.00 Nos

07. Rough Stone 10.00 cft

08. Bond Stone/ cum 10.00 Nos

09. Cement Paint/100 Sft 2.00 Kg

10. White Cement/100 Sft 2.00 Kg

11. Janathacem/100 Sft 1.50 Kg

12. Enamel Paint/100 Sft - 2 Coats 1.25 Litre

13. Wall Putty/100 Sft 10.00 Kg

14. Plaster of Paris/100 Sft 25.00 Kg

15. Distemper/100 Sft 2.00 Kg

16. Cement Primer 0.60 Litre0.40 Litre

17. Weathering CourseLime 12.50 KgBrick bats 32.00 Kg

18. Providing Sand Gravel Mix- CumSand 20.00 CftGravel 40.00Cft

19.WBM - 75mm tk - 1st Layer - 10 Sqm Metel(60-40 mm)35.00Cft Gravel 10.00 Cft

20. Pressed Tiles - Sqm 20.00 Nos

21. Hollow Block - 200mm tk 14.00 Nos

CONVERSION TABL

01. 1 RM 3.28 Rft

02. 1 Sqm 10.76 Sft

03. 1 Cum 35.32 Cft

04. 1 Inch 2.54 cm

05. 1 sft 0.09Sqm

06. 1 Acre 0.04 Hectare

07. 1 Hectare 2.47 Acres

08. 1 Cft 0.028 Cum

09. 1 Feet 12.00 Inch

10. 1 Feet 0.305 M

11. 1 Cum 1000.00 Litre

 

Unit weight

01. Concrete 25 kN/m3

02. Brick 19 kN/m3

03. Steel 7850 Kg/m3

04. Water 1000 Lt/m3

05. Cement 1440 Kg/m3

06. 1Gallon 4.81 Litres

07. Link 8" = 200mm

08. 1 Hectare 2.471 acr(10000m2)

09. 1 Acr 4046.82m2 = 100 cent

 

Development Length :

01. Compression 38d

02. Tension 47 & 60d

03. 1 Cent 435.60 Sft

04. 1 Meter 3.2808 ft

05. 1 M2 10.76 ft2

06. 1 Feet 0.3048m

07. 1 KN 100Kg

08. 1kN 1000N

09. 1 Ton 1000Kg = 10,000 N = 10 kN

10. 1 kG 9.81N

 

Cement Consumption :

M5=2.54Bg/m3,

M7.5=3.18Bg/m3,

M10=4.32Bg/m3,

M20=8.64Bg/m3,

M25=12.9 Bg/m3,

M40=500+100Kg/m3

Brick: 

Water absorption 12 to 15%

Compressive strength = 36Kn/cm2

230mm Wall/m3 = 460 Bricks + 20Cft Sand +66Kg CementSSM 1:7/m3 = Slize 95 + Soiling 8 Cft +60.5 KgCurrent = 1000 Watts = 1 Unit,